Dear CFR experimenters, If you sent me some photos of your working Cold Fusion Reactor, I shall be glad to add your test report in this LogBook

Best Regards
Jean-Louis Naudin
Email: JNaudin509@aol.com

To whom it may concern,

My son, Luke Diestelkamp, for his science project for the Science Fair, decided to build a cold fusion experiment. Using your demontration of your Cold Fusion Reactor v2.0 from your web site. He has had some very impressive results. He used a 3mm tungsten rod, a stainless steel scrubber pad and potassium carbonate. He had some problem with the power source but with my help wired 15 car batteries in series to get 189 volts. I was suprised how well it worked. We did 10 test, 5 minutes long- getting temperatures of 100 Celius. with very little power drain on the batteries or fluid loss.

To you this might not be very impressive but the most surprising thing is that my son is only 12 years old. I have sent photos for you. I hope you enjoy these and thanks for all the information online.

Thanks,
Duane Diestelkamp

Hi,

Yup, I got it working at last! I've attached a pic; it proved to be difficult to photograph, I could only get a big bright blob on the camera.

I initially did it by turning up the voltage to ~120V and slowly inserting the W electrode into the solution. The plasma forms as soon as it enters the water, and helps heep the current down. Then I found I could get it by cranking up the voltage from 0V.

So now, (well, once exams are over!) I'll try and measure the heat rise etc and see if I've got >100%! I'd like to look at the spectrum as well. The university threw out a nice little spectrometer recently, so I could use that!

Regards,

Lindsay

Dear Mr. Naudin

We used your formulas (for steam generation and water heating), but next year’s project we hope to condense the steam and say that any difference in the starting weight and the ending weight (plus the condensed steam vapor), will have been converted into Oxygen and Hydrogen. This formula will give us even more energy conversion efficiency.

We performed 124 experiments and our best was result was 147% with an average of 117%, even including our learning curve of how to operate the device.

Morgan H. and Marissa C.
Louisiana, USA

Successfull CFR by Morgan H. and Marissa C.

Dear friends,

We were quite sad yesterday because of our problems for measuring the inlet electric power (Pin)...
Thanks due to Jacques Dufour, we were able to utilizise a good rectifier and so, we were ready to make new measurements today with a different equipment.
First of all, we measured with a resistive element the coefficient factor between the power grid and the dewar container (tranformer and rectifier between them). We found a value of 0.80. This value was confirmed by the first tests with the dewar equipped with the W cathode and the platinized titanium anode. The dewar was filled up with 800 cc of demineralized water containing 0.5 mole of CO3K2. Pin was around 130w for the first tests and around 180w for the last tests.(voltages between 130v and 150v at the electrods; the grid at 220v- 50hz)

Our preliminary results were the following for the 6 tests:
COP 1 = 1.30
COP 2 = 1.23
COP 3 = 1.25
COP 4 = 1.54
COP 5 = error due to undue rubbing
COP 6 = 1.48

Our equipment: (in french)
1 autotransfo variable SUPREX
2 Metrix MX20 for measuring the current at the transformer inlet and the voltage between the electrods
1 Ampèremettre AOIP for measuring the current in the reactor
1 Balance Sartorius (Maximum 6100g- accuracy 1g)
CO3K2 from MERCK (article 4928)

Of course, we have to confirm these preliminary results. But anyway they are quite encouraging... thanks due to Jean-Louis NAUDIN and Ben THOMAS !
Best regards

Pierre CLAUZON and Gérard LALLEVE

Click here to see the full datas results

Latest test on new version of CFR. This one has HORIZONTAL electrodes, .5" apart fed from opposite sides. (Drilling/sealing those holes in the glass jar was fun!) 105.1VAC, RMS, 2.01 AC RMS amps at running temp of 97.7 C. Full wave Bridge Rectifier with NO filtering hence pulsating DC. Current peaks at 5.7 amps at 85 C and drops to a steady state 2.1 amps at operating temp.

Mixture is 1000 cc of distilled water with 1/4 tsp Potassium Carbonate, heated to about 80 C in a microwave, starting with 600 cc. I measure current with two different meters. Voltage with a DVM, temp with a digital oven thermometer with a countdown timer. Weight on a digital scale.

Input power is steady 210 watts at 97.7 C. due to electrode placement. Output in steam is 612 grams/hour interpolated exactly the same from a 5 and 10 min run. This results in a COP of 1.829 for the process (612 X 2260/3600 divided by 210). I do NOT figure into the numbers startup or cool down, just the active process.

In operation at end of 10 min run, boiled off 102 grams of water.  

Enjoy Ben

Good Morning Jean-Louis,

Congratulations on you 1/2 hour run and the stellar performance of the latest CFR unit.

Something you might like to try. After reading your reports of the last few days, I decided to try something (about 10 test runs over the last 2 days) simple that I had noticed but didn't pursue when I was actively working with my CFR's. It was a very high level reaction with low molarity and no plasma and made a heck of a lot of steam. The beauty at these levels is no erosion of elements, matching elements, simplicity. This could be refined into a excellent room heater if contained in a simple closed loop radiator.

Take a quart bottle, put 600 ml of distilled water into it preheated as close to boiling (100C) as you can get. I use a microwave. Add 1/4 tsp. of Potassium Carbonate. This is very low molarity but is all that is needed. Use two full length 2% thorinated welding 3/32 X7" spaced 1 inch apart as electrodes, no insulation, just bare electrodes. Power supply is 120 VAC RMS into a full wave bridge directly into the two rods NO FILTERING.

Plug it in, in 1-3 min, it will reheat heat the solution up to 95-98 C depending on the insulation in the jug, steam will fly. There will be no erosion of the elements, COP measured this morning was 1.75. Average 1.9 amps input, 636 gram. steam/ hour output. It appears to have virtually identical COP of the plasma units when operated just below the plasma mode without the severe erosion caused by the extreme heat when in the plasma mode. The picture below was taken about an hour ago of the above discussed unit. The bright light on the central electrode is just a reflection of the flash, not plasma.

Ben

Successful cold fusion reactor replication by Thomas Demperio in St. Petersburg, Florida on 07/24/03.

I used a baby food jar but it wouldn't take the heat. I obtained a new vessel with thicker glass than the baby food jar I first used several weeks ago. The jar shattered from the uneven heating of the glass. My new vessel is a heavy goblet about 10cm in diameter and 7cm deep. I used approx 250ml of electrolyte at .6 Mole or 3 times the suggested amount. I noticed a reaction beginning at 27VDC and violent boiling at 68VDC. The amp clamp jumps up to 15 + amps in this range and back down to 0 amps at about 85VDC to 180VDC then the reaction gets louder and vibrates more after 180VDC+. EMF meter (20cm away from the reactor) goes off the scale between 27-68VDC and again at 210VDC and up to my limit of 295VDC (I exploded a capacitor at higher voltages). At all other voltages the EMF is almost non-existant. RF field strength meter showed no radio frequency signal. The AM radio noise seems to come from the line (mains)when the reactor is running. I will check this with a battery operated radio at a later date. With the reactor at 70deg.C voltage can be ramped up to 229VDC to get a plasma ball started (1cm dia.)then as the plasma spins clockwise around the positive cathode tungsten (3/32 2%)it increases in size to approximately 3cm I reduce the voltage enough to keep the plasma at around 2cm dia. so it doesn't arc out on the negative anode (1/16 tungsten with stainless screen 5cm square)and remains stable. I noticed that a plasma forms on the exterior of the anode and then gradually (in 5 to 10 seconds) increases in size until it is forced downward to the end of the cathode where it becomes brighter and more stable. The electrolyte increases in conductivity as material from the cathode mixes with the electrolyte. I have found that a reactor that has already run for a few minutes generates a plasma faster and at lower temperatures than one that has not been run (fresh electrolyte). The 0.6 Mole is also more conductive and will cause more current load on the diodes, so use caution at higher Mole/L ratios. At 80 deg.C the pin point cathode submerged to 1cm will show very tiny (0.5mm or less) plasma formation on the tip at 29VDC and stops at 63VDC. At this 1cm submersion the cathode spits off small white particles that I assume are tungsten that has oxidized. The cathode seems to shrink quickly while this is happening. My setup: I use a 3 ganged variac 230vac 3 phase input and 0.5-310vac 20 amp output connected to a full wave bridge made from 4 1N5406 diodes rated at 3amps 30amp surge and 200volts. Then through a 1200uf electrolytic capacitor rated at 200 working volts (I exploded one of these at about 300VDC) and then connected to the anode and cathode in the reactor. Test Equipment:Digital volt meter, analog amperage clamp, EMF detector/meter, radio frequency field strength meter (3.5 to 150 MHz range). Thermocouple temperature sensor (used only when the power is off), and an alcohol thermometer (0 to 230deg.F), COF5040 40MHz dual trace oscilloscope, and a civil defense geiger counter (RADS per hr). As predicted the thermocouple gave false readings. I had the sensor taped to the outside of the reactor and still had false readings unless the power is off. Pictures can be viewed at: http://members.tripod.com/~bangyourdrums/cold_fusion_reactor.html

Thanks to JLN and Dr. Mallove,
Thanks again for providing a means of information sharing...

Thomas W. Demperio

Hi All,

Using the Mason Jar reactor, I just did some interesting experiments. Running a mixture of approximately 0.01 MOL! (1/4 teaspoon Potassium Carbonate in 1000ML of distilled water) I discovered you could get a fairly good COP in my Mason Jar reactor at fairly low power.

Starting at 72degrees, current on a 1/2 wave power supply running 60V RMS (right off the outlet) and about 2 inches" of cathode in the water, I pulled only about 1.5 amps. As the temperature went up, the current went up till it hit about 200 degrees and 3.8 amps, then it started to hum, the current started to decrease and ended up stabilized at around 2.8 amps. Boiling was vary rapid and with lots of steam production. RF on the FM band was just about non-existent but very bad static on the AM band still. There was NO visible sparking at all. Temp stabilized at 208 degrees and this is in an non-insulated reactor! On my last 15 min run for accuracy, average current was 2.8 amps, kept that way over the run by pushing the rod in as the current dropped below 2.8 amps AC so to keep power constant. The average power over a 15 min run was 2.8 X 60 VAC = 168 watts. Water reduced to steam at an average temp 0f 208 degrees was 109 grams X 4 = 436 Grams/Hr X 2260/3600=273 Watts output.

Oh, for more accuracy, after reactor got up to 208 degrees, I stopped, weighed the reactor and then started the 15-min run. I also verified current with both a digital and a Clamp on Amprobe. This stuff works great when the plasma is not there or very low level just at the electrode surface.

COP= 273 out/168 in =1.62

which isn't shabby for no electrode erosion, etc.

Ben

Hi All,

I ran my CFR #1 this morning at around 0.6 KW.  All I can say is be careful.  The amount of steam is amazing, the action of the water is just a little short of an explosion.  It definitely gets your attention.

Started with 1000 ml of distilled water.  0.2 mol potassium Carbonate.
Starting water temp 85C.
Voltage 320 VDC aproximately from a standard X2 voltage doubler of 2-40 amp diodes and 2 1000uf caps directly from 120 V RMS house line.

I would give my right arm for a good 2KW Variac right now, but its in the mail and experimentation must go on.   Again, just brute force electronics.

5 Min run.

It took about 20 seconds to get the 1000 ml on up to operating temp (97C) from the 85C to where pure plasma was being made.  When this happened, it was hold onto your hat with the water and steam flying.  I'll have to clean up my whole workbench after this run. 
Total water to steam was about 320 grams in that 5 min with another 40 grams of water wiped up (estimated)(weighed the paper towell before and after wipe up!.  Current was estimated around 2 Amps as the RF and EMI just blasted through my filter network. 

I'll let those that can calculate the COP.  All I'll say is JLN is correct, voltage is everything.  It would appear to be around 3.5 but I won't swear to that as instrumentation is not there right now, at least not that I can trust.  I have more engineering to do both mechanically and electronically. 

I had sever erosion of the cathode electrode and as JLN has mentioned, my SS pan might be messing up my E field and causing this.

My next run will be in a Pyrex glass to see if there is a difference.

The above is very slopy science but the difference between 194 VDC and 340 VDC is as night is to day!

Yes, there is pictures on my website at:

http://www.geocities.com/k4zep/606.htm

Ben

Hi

OU with 630 volts pulsed DC.

I started the run at 50 degrees, and ended up with 85 degrees. I tried to give just the right pressure on the switch connection so it would be between 100-200 watts.

The electrical input was 0.04 kWh, and I steamed of about 40 grams of water.

Power out = (370*4,18*35) + (40*2260) = 144531J
Power in = 0.04 *3600*1000 = 144000J

COP = power out / power in = 144531 / 144000 > 1

Then if we also take into consideration the at the power supply has a 10 ohm resistor in series with the CFR, and the pulses are maybe more the 10-15 Ampers, more then 100-150 volts will be over this resistor and less then 500 volts will be over the CFR.

This taken into account the COP jumps till 1.3

The mechanical switch is getting real hot, so it to is wasting some power, so then the COP might be closer to 1.4.

This was a run from 50 degrees, and most of the COP should be from the run with the warmer water, so what the COP was when the bath was above 80 degrees, is left open for speculation.

My conclusion is that this looks promising.

Regards
Svein

_________________________________________________

Dear Naudin

I am just using a mecanical swith at the moment, but I think it will
be OK to use electronics too.

If you look at:

I only used part of this. Two diodes, and the U+ till U- with two capacitors in between. Each rated for 385v, so it can hold the 630volt I am getting.

The larger the capacitors, the more current you can run through it.

I use a total of 6X220uF so this will be like 3*220uF/2 = 330uF

If we stick to 1000uF per Amper, this should be good for 0.3 ampere. With 1% duty cycle it will manage 0.3/0.01=30 ampere. So my 10-15 ampers pulses should be OK.

Regards
Svein

Hello Jean-Louis,

Thanks for publicizing this, and so many other, world-changing discoveries!

I have some CFR Photos for you, and some results that might be of interest to prospective experimentors.   The other results might seem obvious, but I though I would write them down to save others the trouble of re-creating them.

First, my duplication of the reaction, using BakingSoda, stainless steel Anode, 3/16" Tungsten 2%Th cathode:

Electrolysis visible at 10V

Sodium colored arc begins around 90VDC

Strong arcing at 130VDC

Clear color change as Plasma forms
and Tungsten Incandesces at 150VDC

'Full Steam' at 200V

Now, for some interesting data:
First,  using pure water results in only slow electrolysis even at 270VDC. (as you would expect.)
Second, using cooler electrolyte resulted in blowing my 10A fuse before plasma formed.
And third, most interesting, substituting a copper cathod for the tungsten gave these results:

Similar Arc forms at 100VDC,

Followed by plasma formation at 160V,
With a strongly GREEN color to the emitted light.
But the plasma cannot form as fully using the copper electrod because:

The copper electrode quickly melts and dissappears.
This 14ga copper wire melted up to the surface of the electrolyte after
only 5-10 seconds of plasma reaction.

Here is a photo of the electrodes from my CFR.
At left, an unused 3/32" W-2%Th Electrode.

Center, same type electrode after about (6) 30-sec reactions.
Close examination shows significant cratering on the bottom surface,and something that looks like copper chloride crystals (although this electrode was only used before the copper test).  The craters appear to be be about 1/10th the diameter of the rod, and nearly hemispherical in profile.  At right, a piece of 14ga. copper wire after 10 sec as a cathode. Significant cratering and discoloration along the length, which was near the surface of the electrolyte, and the surface of the ball of melted copper looks like an asteroid on close examination. They have the look of small explosions occuring on nearly molten metal. Also note the reduction in diameter of the Tungsten electrode. The electrolyte acquired a green tint after the Copper experiment.

Next step, I have gathered equipment to try the reaction in a pressurized vessel,

But I am a bit worried about what the possible reaction products might be. Clearly we have steam, hydrogen, oxygen, but the colored arcs which vary with the electrode material indicate that chemical reactions are occuring, and that coupled with evidence of transmutation in the electrodes, and probable fusion reactions of unknown character, indicate that we really have very little idea of what kinds of compounds or radiation might be generated in this seemingly simple process.  Although reports are that no radiation or radioactive by-products have been encountered, these are serious hazards and we need to be sure before exposing outselves for extended periods.
Some caution is in order while the reaction is studied, since it is possible that hazardous products may be generated from these inert ingredients!

Good luck and Please Use Caution!

Phil Abbott
Wake Forest/
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina, USA

CFR 4.0 - To make a more stable reactor!

216 ml of fuel/hr, 18.25V at 4.78 amps 208 F/97.75C
135.6 watts out/87.23 watts = COP 1.554

Pictures below will show basic unit. I have extensive data but will take hours to put into Excel and show plots. I will say it is amazing the difference in the amount of steam produced with 1 degree change in the reactor.

The final picture at end of 1-hour test run, blowing steam like a champ.

That’s it.
Ben

Full details of this test at : http://www.geocities.com/k4zep/527.htm

Here are 2 new pictures and 1 new video of my CFR experiments. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/free-energy/files/cold_fusion/
I just tried to use 2 stainless steel meshes as the electrodes and that also works quite nice.

The main reason to get these arcs unter water is the K2CO3. With it the reaction is very violent and the arcs form. If you are just using only tap water, it is very hard to get arcs at all !

You can see in the second pic, that if the arc is forming at the cathode mesh, almost all steam is generated at the anode !
This is also true, if there is no arcing !

Over 80 degrees Celsius, almost all steam is generated at the anode !

My 2nd try this , which is documented in the wmv video, was a cell, that was powered by pure 230 Volts AC directly from the grid.
At both tungsten rods you can see the arcs unter the water,so AC also works quite nice !
It also depends on how much K2CO3 you put into the water !

Regards, Stefan.
P.S.: I first have to get a good digital scale and some power measuring equipment to do quantitative measurements, so in this moment I can´t say much about efficiencies, but the steam production is pretty big !

----
Dipl. Ing. Stefan Hartmann
Hartmann Multimedia Service www.harti.com
Keplerstr. 11 B, 10589 Berlin, Germany

Hi JL,

Here are 2 JPEG pics, which show the violent reaction, when a Tungsten rod burns water, when it is stuck about 5 mm deep into the surface of the water and 100 Hz chopped DC from a bridge rectifier from the grid (230 Volts 50 Hz AC converted to 100 Hz rectified chopped DC without a capacitor) )is applied to it. The water solution contained some K2CO3. Anode mesh was stainless steel mesh. When some water was burnt away to steam, so the rod was not touching anymore the water and the current stopped, the 2nd pic shows the red glowing tungsten rod just over the surface of the water just the moment, when the reaction stopped.

Thanks again for working so hard and publishing all your datas on your web pages. It really is a hard work to do this all.

Thanks again ! You will be remembered in history. I wish I had more time to do more experiments !

Regards, Stefan.
----
Dipl. Ing. Stefan Hartmann
Hartmann Multimedia Service  www.harti.com
Keplerstr. 11 B, 10589 Berlin, Germany

Hi Jean-Louis,

Just some news. Thanks VERY MUCH for the info on how to make the mixture correct.

I have ran a 30 min test using the original liquid. 1000 ml 1.25 Tsp. of soda. I'll do it next time with the correct mixture.

50V RMS @3Amps or 150 Watts. (1/2 wave via simple diode, no filter,pulsed 60Hz via Variac adjustable)
30 Min run time.
Starting amount of liquid, 1000ml Put 1000 in, measured at end of test.
Ending amount of liquid, 775ml!! LIQUID CONVERTED TO STEAM 225 ml !!!

Now to get all to 1 hour, we change to 450ml / hour which would be 2260 X 450 = 1,017,000 Joules divided by 3600 seconds = 282.5 watt/hour. 50V average @ 3 amps = 150 watt-hours resulting in 282.5/150 = COP of 1.883 which is pretty darn good for this rinkey-dinkie system. I do not know how to calculate the energy required to keep the liquid at 185 degrees in that Stainless Steel pan etc. But that has to be conservative as heck. That fluid loss blew me away! Oh there was no steam when heating it up to 180 degrees with the stove. The darn thing just sits there and cooks and is stable as heck. If I could adjust the rod to keep the current constant it would be nice, but with the 1000ml bowl, it only drops 10% over a half hour.

Mixture was brought to 180 degrees with stove, stove turned off, then current adjusted to 3 amps. Current/voltage required adjustment over the 30 min as liquid level was falling in container. Started off at 43 V @ 3 amps, ended up at 50 V@ 3 amps, or in other words, I tried to keep the current steady. With this in mind, and the loss in heat in the un-insulated bowel the numbers above are VERY conservative!

Things of note.

1. There is a BROAD BAND emission of RF from the device. At 1.6 MHZ on a portable radio, it is an extremely strong static. At 108 MHZ FM, there is popping and cracking like you hear from the the Geiger counter with background radiation. Oh, there is NO increase in background radiation (Beta) on the Geiger counter.

2. The temperature remained constant at about 185 degrees from its own heat generated.

3. Wire leads to Cathode while #22 are flat out cold (must really measure this). Small wires from variac to diode bridge #22 also are very warm to the touch, but after the diode, cold????? Do NOT ask me why?

4. There is some small bubbles coming from the anode but the mixture does NOT burn.

Still having fun

To free stuff

Ben

Hi,
I have made today also some new experiments:
1. I wanted to test, if the anode has the same violence arcing under water as the cathode, so I exchanged the polarity. I used tungsten rods as both electrodes ... and stuck just one electrode just 0.5 cm under the water-K2CO3 solution.
Result: No, there is only minor buildup of steam at the anode, but nothing else.

So it rules to use the cathode (minus pole) to use the arcing under water reaction.

2. As I did blow up several times my 1N4007 diodes of my rectifier bridge (okay they are also just rated at 1000 Volts at 1 Amp; I still have to buy a high amperes bridge), just use 3 or 4 diodes in parallel for each leg of the bridge...(okay, you should use also a resistor in series but I didn´t had any 1 Ohm high power resistors...) Anyway, now I don´t blow anymore the bridge, it seems to work.

3. The initial current into the solution depends mainly on how much you stick the cathode into the solution !
The anode can be stuck through the whole length into the water-solution, it does not matter how deep it goes.

I tested it today with the cathode about 1,5 cm deep into the solution and the initial current was about 1,3 Amperes at about max 325 Volts peek chopped 100 Hz DC from the rectifier bridge.

Now that was about at 70 degrees Celsius temperature. Now after some seconds first there is huge bubbling at the cathode of hydrogen and then suddenly the arcing occurs and the whole 1,5 cm immersed cathode begins to violently glow and steams off water. Now then the current went down to about 0.7 Amperes, when the arcing takes place.
That is in good comparison with JL Naudin´s results. Also his current decreases.

4. I then tested 2 cathode rods powered in parallel and also this works ! Both rods begin to arc under water and the current even went down more, to about 0.6 Amperes ! So it seems to matter how much surface you have as the cathode under water and how many arcs are burning under water.

To obtain the exact input power into my cell is still a bit difficult, cause I don´t have the right measurement equipment in this moment.

I hope this helps.
Try it yourself, it is pretty easy.

Regards, Stefan.

----
Dipl. Ing. Stefan Hartmann
Hartmann Multimedia Service  www.harti.com
Keplerstr. 11 B, 10589 Berlin, Germany

Hi Jean Louis,
congratulations to your recent Cold Fusion success.
I am currently also experimenting with it and if you want  you can put my videos onto your web pages.
They are here:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/free-energy/files/

Look for the waterburning_cell*.wmv videos.
You need Windows Media Player Codecs 9 to view them. Mediaplayer 7 will automatically download the codecs.
Hope you enjoy them and keep up the good work.
Regards, Stefan.

Dear all

Result from my new test with K2CO3. This time I used much less K2CO3.
About 10 grams in stead of 150 grams as I used in my earlier run.
After several runs I get about the same result.
I use a 2 litre plastic can with 1.5 litre of water.
10 grams of K2CO3 and 220AC rectified. (About 280 volts).
Water started at 80 degrees and stopped at 96 degrees. Steamed of 15 grams of water.

ENERGY OUTPUT = ( 15 x 2260 ) + ( 1500 x 16 x 4.18 ) = 134 k Joules
Electrical input = 0.03*3600*1000= 108 k Joules

Energy OUTPUT/INPUT = 134 / 108 = 1.24

The power in was measured with a PM-300 from W.H.Mondolyn International Ltd.
I do not know how well it will measure energy consumption when the power is fluctuation from almost zero till more then 650 watts.

COP = 1.24 might me more correct then the test I did on 17th of May with 150 grams of K2CO3. This resulted in strong light and a meltdown of the tungsten rod, and the caps did not like this so one exploded.
The COP I measured that day was most likely very wrong, so the test that resulted in a COP=1.24 is made under more controlled conditions.

Regards
Svein

Dear Naudin,

Thank you very much for your interest in my CFR and my pictures.

I do not have as nice pictures as you use to present, but I think the picture I got of the tungsten electrode after the run is good. If you will use any of this on your web, you are free to do so.

The tungsten rod was like a cylinder before I turned on the electricity, but after 10 minutes it was more sharply pointed at the end that was submersed in water. You can also clearly see the many small cracks in the rod.

I used 1.8 litre of water and 100 gram of NaHCO3. After 10 min. 100 gram of water was boiled off. What I notice is that it can consume more then 16 amp. the first seconds, then when it starts to glow white, the current will go down.

My fuses will only take 16 amp, so I need to start it with only one cm of the rod in the water, and when it is glowing, I can push it further down into the water.

Regards

Svein

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